Titanium Sponge Market: Overview
- Titanium sponge is an intermediate product used in the production of titanium ingot & billet and titanium powder. Titanium sponge is a porous form of titanium.
- Titanium sponge produced through the Kroll process is used extensively in aircraft engines, fuselages, chemical plants, oil and gas plants, electric power & desalination plants, building structures, automobile products, and biomedical devices
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Manufacturing Process of Titanium Sponge
- The Kroll process involves the following four steps: (i) Titanium ores are stripped of oxygen and chlorine gas is blown into chlorinator, which binds with ore forming crude titanium tetrachloride. Crude titanium tetrachloride [TiCl4] is then distilled to remove impurities to produce it in its purest form; (ii) Molten magnesium is fed into a vessel, where a reduction reaction occurs with liquid titanium tetrachloride, which further forms titanium sponge. Vacuum is generated inside the vessel with the help of an electric heater. As a result, the remaining magnesium and magnesium chloride in titanium sponge evaporates and produces high purity titanium sponge; (iii) magnesium chloride formed during the reduction process is further decomposed into chlorine gas and magnesium by electrolysis. Chlorine gas can be reused in chlorination process; (iv) titanium sponge gets extracted from the vessel and crushed into smaller pieces with the help of guillotine cutter, shear, and crusher.
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The aerospace & defense sector accounts for major share of titanium sponge market. Titanium sponge is an important raw material that is used in the production of aircraft engines and fuselage & military airframes owing to its excellent set of properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high strength at high temperatures, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability. Boeing and Airbus are the only two aircraft manufacturers that employ titanium sponge in the production of aircraft frames and components. Boeing, a U.S.-based aerospace company, delivered a record number of commercial jets in 2018, reaching 806 planes compared to the previous record of 763 in 2017. Airbus, another key player, achieved 800 commercial jet deliveries in 2018 compared to 718 in 2017. Despite the slowdown in demand caused by Covid-19, this figure is estimated to increase after 2020, when global restriction on international air travels eases.
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Key manufacturers operating in the global titanium sponge market include:
- VSMPO-AVISMA
- Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd (KMML)
- TOHO TITANIUM CO., LTD.
- OSAKA Titanium Technologies Co.,Ltd
- UKTMP
- Baoji First Titanium Industry (Group) Co., Ltd.
- Chaoyang Jinda Titanium Industry Co Ltd
- Luoyang Sunrui Wanji Titanium Industry, Co., Ltd.
- Zaporozhye Titanium & Magnesium Combine
- Titanium Metals Corporation
- Arconic Inc.
- Western Metals Minerals Co. Ltd.
- RTI International Metals, Inc
- Allegheny Technologies Inc.
- Howmet Corporation (Alcoa, Inc.)
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